However, the nature of OLL neurons’ responses to environmental stimuli is yet to be determined at the cellular level, with the underlying molecular mechanisms still elusive. In addition, nose touch-defects were also reported from animals in which OLL was ablated genetically. Laser ablation of OLL neurons enhances pathogen-avoidance behavior, suggesting that they play an important role in conserved innate immune responses. elegans outer labial lateral (OLL) sensilla sensory neurons negatively regulate pathogen avoidance behavior via HECW-1 to undergo adaptive changes in response to microbial pathogens. elegans are often multifunctional, involved in complex behaviors through neuronal circuits and signaling molecules. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans stands as an excellent model for dissecting sensory mechanisms with its 302 confirmed hermaphrodite neurons, and numerous behavioral analyses can be readily performed in the small and rapidly-growing worm. Drosophila class IV da neurons are well-known polymodal neurons, which can detect diverse forms of stimuli, such as thermal, mechanical, proprioceptive, and light stimuli. In mammals, nociceptive neurons located in the dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglion are activated by noxious chemicals, extreme temperatures, and mechanical stimuli. Specialized neurons are often polymodal, responding to ambient stimuli in the form of chemicals, temperature, and touch intensity. The ability to detect sensory cues is innate to living organisms to produce appropriate behavioral and physiological responses for survival. Thus, we propose the polymodal functionality of OLL neurons in mechanosensation and cold sensation. We further showed that the cold response of OLL neurons is not mediated by the cold receptor TRPA-1 or the temperature-sensitive glutamate receptor GLR-3. Interestingly, OLL neurons also mediated cold but not warm responses in a cell-autonomous manner. The bona fide mechano-gated Na +-selective degenerin/epithelial Na + channels, TRP-4, TMC, and Piezo proteins are not involved in this mechanosensation. Mechanotransduction of OLL neurons might be carried by a novel Na + conductance channel, which is insensitive to amiloride. Mechanosensation of OLL neurons resulted in cell-autonomous mechanically-evoked Ca 2+ transients and rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptor currents with a very short latency. elegans outer labial lateral (OLL) sensilla sensory neurons respond to touch and cold. Sensory modalities are important for survival but the molecular mechanisms remain challenging due to the polymodal functionality of sensory neurons.
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